Rice bran oil process



Filed Deo.

RICE BRAN OIL PROCESS G. J. STREZYNSKI ET AL mm M Rns Il www ,n NewI/m EUa Gf: .si

Dec. 22, 1953 Patented Dec. 22, 1953 RICE BRAN omrnoicsss George .1'.` Strezynski, Poughkeepsie, and Frank E. 'Lawatsch, Kingston, N. Y., assignors "to The De Laval Separator Company, Poughkeepsie,

.Application December 18, 1951, Serial yNo.262,236`- V This invention relates to the rening. .of rice bran oil and has for its principal'object theprovision of an improved process by which .thegums and waxes in such oil can be recovered expeditiously as separate byproducts in the refining of theoil. f

The oil extracted from rice bran, as lby means of solvent extraction, differs considerably from.V other vegetable or fatty oils. It contains about l to l1/2% of gums or phosphatides Vwhich are very light and clean-colored and have potential value for commercial use. Moreoventhe rice bran oil also contains large quantities of highquality waxes, generally 'from 5 to '15%. These waxes are comparable in some respects to carnauba wax and woulcL'if recovered., undoubtedly represent a valuable by-product. Due to'this large quantity of waxes in addition to the gums, and 'the other peculiar characteristics of rice bran oil, conventional .procedures for vrefining fatty oils are not as satisfactory when applied to the refining of rice bran oil. Principally, theyA do .not enable an efficient recovery of `both the gums and the waxes as separate by-products suitable for commercial use. YIn fact, therecovery of these by-products from rice bran eil has presented such difficul'tiesin the past that the oil has generally been refined without regard to `9 claims. (Cl. 26o-.412) v excess of the rst heating temperature', thatv is,

their recovery, the waxes and gums being disV carded as impurities.

We have 'discovered that the waxes and gumsv can be readily recovered from the ricebran oil,

as vseparate ley-products, by rst centrifuging .the

crude oil to extract a'sludge containing most 'of the gums and waxes and then centrifuging the. sludge 'to separate it into a wax phase, containing most of the oil remaining in the sludge, `and al g'um phase containing water from the sludge.

the gumsin the second centrifuging.operation.A

V'According tothe invention, the crude rrice bran oil containing gums and waxes is mixed with;

water for hydrating the gums, and the mixture is heated to va temperature vof about 140 F. and then cooled slowly. After the cooling, the mixture iscentrifuged to 'separate it into `anoil vcomponent and a sludge component, 'the latter containing substantially all of the waxes andgums and `also water and a minor .proportion lof the' oil. The separated oil component, thus pre-refined, is subjected to the usual alkali refining op` eration, preferably with the use of soda ash. The sludge component from the centrifuging operation is reheated to a temperature substantially in substantially above 140 F., and preferably in the, presence -of .an em-ulsify'ing agent. 'This reheated sludge is then. 1re-centrifuged, with the. result, that.

l it is separated into a wax sub-component conf taining most of the oil remaining in the sludge,

and a gum sub-component containing .most of the water in the sludge. y l nent can then be further treated in any suitable,

manner to recover the oil remaining therein .and l obtain the wax in a substantially dry condition.

suitable for commercialuse; The gum sub-component can be easily dehydrated to obtain the gums in a substantially pureform.

We have found thaty the .process canbjest be practicedby agitating the crude oil and 'water mixture while n is being heated to the nydraung temperature of vabout 140i F. or while't. ,is maintained at this temperature, then allowing the mixture to cool over a period of several .hours toa temperature of about F., and then re-.agi-

tating the mixture just before it is .fed 'to the frst,A centrifuging operation, and by reheating the. sludge to a temperature of about v12.09 F. prior to.

the second centrituging operation..

A preferred practice of the .invention will now. be described in connection with the accompany-- ing drawing, in lwhich the single illustration isa schematic view of a plant suitable for use in.

practicing the new process. Referring to the drawing, the crude .rice bran oil isdelivered 'from a supply tank I .into a con-Y ditioning vessel 2 where it is mixed .with water supplied from a tank 3.

of about 140 Vas bypassing steam .through the coil 2a, and during this .heating the .mixtureis agitated by. means .of anagtator-.Zb in theves.-

sel. The mixture is then cooledslowlyover V`a:

period of frame vto .8 .hours to :a .temp@rature:of

about .80 F. The .cooling `may be controlled day 'passing a .suitable cooling. medium through the; coil 2a. Upon completion of the cooling operation, the mixture is delivered from vessel .-2to a supply tank -4 for a centrifugal separator f5.' 11n the tank" 4 the mixture is `re-agitated by 'means of an agitator da, immediately 'before it enters the centrifuge 5. V The centrifuge 5 operates to separate the mix-,- ture centrifugally into a 4prerenecl oil compio# ynent and a sludge component containing sub-'l stantially all of the waxes and gums as well .as some Yof the water and a small proportion 0f fthe oil. The oil component is discharged Athrough centrifuge outlet 5a and may then be treated with Soda ash to neutralize the free fatty acids and The wax Sub-(s011190,e.r

The water supplied. in an amount equal approximately to .live .per-v cent'by weight of the crude oil. Thevessel i2 isprovded with a coil Y2a through which a heatingi or cooling medium can be passed. The oil and water .mixture is first heated .to 4a .temperaturetreating vessel B provided with a heating coil ea. An emulsifying agent, such'as Tretolite, is addheated in the vessel 6 to atemperature of ap- We claim: l. A process for treating rice bran oil containing gums and waxes, which comprises mixing the loil with water in an amount sufcient to substantially hydrate the gums, heating the mixture *to a hydrating temperature of about M" F. and

l then cooling the mixture slowly, centrifuging the proximately 200 F. and is then deliveredvto a second centrifuge '1. In the centrifuge?, the reheated sludge is separated into a wax sub-component containing most of the remaining oil in the sludge, and a gum sub-component containing most of the water in the sludge, these two components being discharged through outlets 7d and 1b, respectively.

. In a typical operation of the process, the dewaxed and de-gummed oil component discharged from the centrifuge outlet 5a represents approximately 94% recovery of pre-rennes1 oil from the crude oil, and the wax-subcomponent discharged from centrifuge outlet 'i2 represents approximately 93.2% recovery of wax-oil from the sludge, this sub-component containing approximately 20.6% wax and 79.4% oil. y

We have found that the temperature to which the water and oil mixture is heated in the rst heating operation is extremely important. 1f this initial heating temperature is substantially less than 140 F., the hydration of the gums will be inadequate and consequently the degumming of the oil in the nrst centrifuging operation will be impaired. On the other hand, if the initial heating temperaeure is substantially above 1400 F., an appreciable part, at least, of the waxes in the mixture will melt and form with the oil a tight emulsion which cannot be separated effectively by centrifuging.

The slow cooling step prior to the rst'centriiuging serves to normalize the waxes in the oil. That is, the various waxes in rice bran oil have different melting points and, when chilled, have different crystal sizes; and we have found that by heating the mixture to a point short of the relatively higher melting point of the larger crystals and thereafter cooling the mixture slowly, the small wax crystals apparently coalesce or undergo a regrouping so that the crystal sizes become quite uniform. Moreover, at the relatively low temperature in the rst centrifuging operation, the hydrated gums and the normalized waxes are practically insoluble in the oil, so that a remarkably clean separation of the oil from the waxes and gums is obtained. The agitation of the cooled mixture just prior to the rst centrifuging causes the feed to the rst centrifuge to have substantially constant 'proportions of the waxes and gums in the oil.

In the second heating step, following the rst centrifuging operation, the temperature to which the sludge is heated, being well above the hydrating temperature, is suicient to melt the waxes completely and enable their clean separation from the gums in the second centrifuging. Since some oil is present in the slude, and the melted waxes tend to go into solution in this residual oil, the use of the emulsier such as Tretolite, is advantageous to facilitate the second centrifuging operation.

cooled mixture to separate it into an oil component and a sludge component, said sludge component containing substantially all of said waxes and gums as well aswater and a minor proportion of the oil, reheating the separated sludge component to a temperature substantially in excess of said rst temperature, and recentrifuging the heated sludge component to separate it into a wax sub-component, containing most of the oil in the sludge, and a gum sub-component containing most of the water in the slude.

2. A process according to claim 1, in which said slow cooling of the mixture is to a temperature of about F.

3. A process according to claim 1 in which said reheating of the separated sludge component is to a temperature of about 200 F.

4. A process according to claim 1, comprising also the step of agitating the oil and water mixture during said first heating.

5. A process according to claim 1, comprising also the step of agitating the oil and water mixture during said rst heating, said cooling being effected while the mixture is relatively quiescent.

6. A process according to claim l, comprising also the step of agita-ting the oil and water mixture during said first heating, said cooling being effected while the mixture is relatively quiescent, and then reagitating the mixture prior to said first centrifuging.

'7. A process according to claim 1, in which said cooling is effected over a period of several hours.

8. A process according to claim l, comprising also the step of adding an emulsifying agent to the sludge component prior to said recentrifuging.

9. A process for treating rice bran oil containing gums and waxes, which comprises mixing the oil with water in an amount sufficient for hydrating the gums, heating the mixture to a temperature of about F. and agitating the heated mixture, cooling the mixture slowly to a temperature of about 80 F., then registering the cooled mixture and promptly centrifuging it to separate it into an oil component and a sludge component, said sludge component containing substantially all of said waxes and gums as well as water and a minor proportion of the oil, reheating the separated sludge component, in the presence of an emulsifying agent, to a temperature of about 200 F., and recentrifuging the heated sludge component to separate it into a Wax sub-component, containing most of the oil in the sludge, and a gum sub-component containing most of the water in the sludge.

GEORGE J. STREZYNSK.

FRANK E. LAWATSCH.

References Cited in the le of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,737,402 Ayres et al Nov. 26, 1929` 2,206,210 Thurman July 2, 1940 2,513,687 Strezynski July 4, 1950 'i z i 

9. A PROCES FOR TREATING RICE BRAN OIL CONTAINING GUMS AND WAXES, WHICH COMPRISES MIXING THE OIL WITH WATER IN AN AMOUNT SUFFICIENT FOR HYDRATING THE GUMS, HEATING THE MIXTURE TO A TEMPERATURE OF ABOUT 140* F. AND AGITATING THE HEATED MIXTURE, COOLING THE MIXTURE SLOWLY TO A TEMPERATURE OF ABOUT 80* F., THEN REGISTERING THE COOLED MIXTURE AND PROMPTLY CENTRIFUGING IT TO SEPARATE IT INTO AN OIL COMPONENT AND A SLUDGE COMPONENT, SAID SLUDGE COMPONENT CONTAINING SUBSTANTIALLY ALL OF SAID WAXS AND GUMS AS WELL AS WATER AND A MINOR PROPORTION OF THE OIL, REHEATING THE SEPARATED SLUDGE COMPONENT, IN THE PRESENCE OF AN EMULSIFYING AGENT, TO A TEMPERATURE OF ABOUT 200* F., AND RECENTRIFUGING THE HEATED SLUDGE COMPONENT TO SEPARATE IT INTO A WAX SUB-COMPONENT, CONTAINING MOST OF THE OIL IN THE SLUDGE, AND A GUM SUB-COMPONENT CONTAINING MOST OF THE WATER IN THE SLUDGE. 